Public awareness about the adverse effects of TFA on human health would be extremely important. Denmark by banning the sale of food items with TFA has brought down the number of deaths due to coronary heart disease by nearly 50% over a period of 20 years. Consumption of dietary fat low in TFA would be helpful in reducing the risk of CVD in South Asia. High consumption of vanaspati ghee which contains 14.2-34.3% of TFA could be one of the factors for this increased burden of CVD in Pakistan. There is high prevalence of CVD in Pakistan. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization have come up with the recommendation that the contents of TFA in human dietary fat should be reduced to less than 4%. This increased risk is because TFA increase the ratio of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol. A number of studies have shown an association of TFA consumption and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vanaspati ghee and margarine have high contents of TFA. Trans fatty acids (TFA) are produced either by hydrogenation of unsaturated oils or by biohydrogenation in the stomach of ruminant animals.
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